Persisting Primary Reflexes: Moro Reflex

Moro Reflex

The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, is a normal response in infants that typically presents at birth and disappears by the age of 4-6 months. It is elicited by a sudden loss of support or a loud noise, causing the infant to extend their arms, arch their back, and spread their fingers, followed by bringing their arms back to the body. The reflex is assessed by observing the infant's response to these stimuli. The presence of the Moro reflex after 6 months of age may indicate a potential neurological or developmental issue and should be further evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Persisting Moro Reflex

The persistence of the Moro reflex beyond the age of 4-6 months can be associated with sensory processing difficulties, motor coordination challenges, and learning delays. Children with a persisting Moro reflex may experience heightened sensitivity to sensory input, leading to difficulties in regulating their responses to stimuli. This can impact their ability to focus, concentrate, and engage in learning activities. Additionally, motor coordination and balance may be affected, influencing their gross and fine motor skills development.

Impacts on Neurodevelopment

Research has suggested that the persistence of the Moro reflex may be linked to neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and sensory processing disorder (SPD). Studies have found a higher prevalence of the persisting Moro reflex in children with these conditions compared to typically developing children. This association highlights the potential significance of the Moro reflex as an early indicator of neurodevelopmental challenges and the importance of its assessment in clinical practice.

Imaging Technology for Diagnostic

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) are two neuroimaging techniques that have shown promise in identifying different brain patterns associated with the persistence of the Moro reflex and its potential impact on neurodevelopment.

fNIRS is a non-invasive method that measures changes in blood oxygenation levels in the brain, while EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain. These techniques have been used to identify atypical brain patterns in individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions, providing insights into the underlying neurobiology of these disorders. The use of these imaging technologies can aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with the persistence of the Moro reflex.

Sources

Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire as Screening Measures for Children in India: A Scoping Review, Pediatr. Rep. 2023, 15, 192.