Motor Impairment as an Early Sign: A Review from the Autistic Community

Motor Impairment as an Early Sign of Autism: A Review from the Autistic Community

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication difficulties and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Motor impairment is a common feature in individuals with ASD, and it has been suggested as an early sign of the condition. This article reviews the evidence supporting the inclusion of motor impairment in the diagnostic criteria for ASD and the recommendations from the autistic community.

Motor Impairment in ASD

Motor impairment is a common feature in individuals with ASD, affecting 80 to 90% of them[1]. These motor deficits can manifest as gross motor problems, such as clumsiness and uncoordinated gait, postural control issues, and fine motor deficits[1]. Research has shown that deficits in using skilled movements and gestures to command, imitate, and use tools contribute to motor, social, and communication deficits in ASD[1]. Fine motor deficits also relate to receptive language problems in people with ASD, a relationship not found in typical individuals[1].

Evidence Supporting the Inclusion of Motor Impairment in ASD Diagnostic Criteria

A growing body of evidence supports the inclusion of motor and movement issues within the ASD diagnostic criteria. The repetitive motor movements already in the diagnosis signify, in part, a form of self-regulation in response to poor motor control[1]. A recent consensus paper argues that the cerebellum, a brain region responsible for motor control, is atypical in and central to ASD[1]. Neuroscientists, movement scientists, occupational therapists, speech language pathologists, and others often recognize these problems, including understanding their pervasive effects.

Recommendations from the Autistic Community

The Autistic Self Advocacy Network (ASAN) has recommended the inclusion of motor and movement challenges within the diagnostic criteria for ASD. This would encourage further research on motor impairment in ASD, inform assessment and interventions, and help address the current under-provision of services for motor issues[1].

Impact on Under-Represented Groups

Including motor impairment in the ASD diagnostic criteria would be particularly beneficial for under-represented groups, such as women and girls, adults, and racial and ethnic minorities. These groups are often under-diagnosed and under-served, and the inclusion of motor impairment would help ensure that they receive appropriate diagnoses and services[1].

Conclusion

Motor impairment is a common feature in individuals with ASD, and it has been suggested as an early sign of the condition. The evidence supporting the inclusion of motor impairment in the diagnostic criteria for ASD is growing, and the autistic community has recommended its inclusion.

This would help ensure that under-represented groups receive appropriate diagnoses and services, and it would encourage further research on motor impairment in ASD. Medical specialists in the fields of neurology and psychiatry should consider these recommendations when diagnosing and treating individuals with ASD.

The information from the Autistic Self Advocacy Network (ASAN) is based on their policy brief "ASD in DSM-5: What the Research Shows and Recommendations for Change" by Steven Kapp and Ari Ne’eman[1]. This brief provides a detailed review of the potential implications of the DSM-5 draft criteria for ASD and offers recommendations to address the identified issues.