Diagnostika autismu: ASRS / Autism Spectrum Rating Scales

Autism Spectrum Rating Scales / ASRS

Premises and Target Group:

The Autism Spectrum Rating Scales (ASRS) is a screening tool designed to identify symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children aged 2 to 18 years. It is used to assess social communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. The ASRS is particularly relevant for children who are suspected of having ASD, but it can also be used for children with other developmental disorders. The tool is designed to be completed by parents, caregivers, or teachers who have regular contact with the child.

Evaluation and Methodology:

The ASRS consists of 45 questions that assess social communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. The questions are divided into three subscales: Social Communication, Social Interaction, and Restricted & Repetitive Behaviors. The ASRS is a norm-referenced tool, which means that scores are compared to those of a representative sample of children of the same age and gender. The ASRS has been shown to have good psychometric properties, including high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability.

Specialist for Assessment:

The ASRS is designed to be completed by parents, caregivers, or teachers who have regular contact with the child. However, the results should be interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional, such as a pediatrician, psychologist, or psychiatrist, who has experience in diagnosing ASD. The specialist should consider the child's developmental history, medical history, and other relevant information when interpreting the results of the ASRS.

1. Does your child have difficulty initiating and maintaining conversations?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Moro reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to initiate and maintain conversations, affecting their social communication skills.

2. Does your child have difficulty understanding jokes or sarcasm?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of the temporal lobe and the limbic system, which are involved in processing auditory information and social and emotional responses. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Palmar Grasp reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to understand jokes or sarcasm, affecting their social communication skills.

3. Does your child have difficulty understanding nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions or body language?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Tonic Labyrinthine reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to understand nonverbal cues, affecting their social communication skills.

4. Does your child have difficulty making friends?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of social communication and engagement skills. The affected brain areas include the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), may interfere with the child's ability to make friends, affecting their social communication skills.

5. Does your child have difficulty playing with others?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of social communication and engagement skills. The affected brain areas include the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Spinal Galant reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to play with others, affecting their social communication skills.

6. Does your child have difficulty understanding the feelings of others?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of the temporal lobe and the limbic system, which are involved in processing auditory information and social and emotional responses. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Moro reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to understand the feelings of others, affecting their social communication skills.

7. Does your child have difficulty expressing emotions appropriately?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Palmar Grasp reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to express emotions appropriately, affecting their social communication skills.

8. Does your child have difficulty with imaginative play?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of social communication and engagement skills. The affected brain areas include the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Tonic Labyrinthine reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to engage in imaginative play, affecting their social communication skills.

9. Does your child have difficulty with transitions or changes in routine?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Moro reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to cope with transitions or changes in routine, affecting their social communication skills.

10. Does your child have difficulty with sensory processing, such as being bothered by certain textures or sounds?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of the parietal lobe, which is involved in processing sensory information. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Palmar Grasp reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to process sensory information, affecting their social communication skills.

11. Does your child have difficulty with fine motor skills, such as writing or using utensils?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of the motor cortex and the cerebellum, which are responsible for coordinating and controlling voluntary movements. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), may interfere with the child's ability to develop fine motor skills, affecting their social communication skills.

12. Does your child have difficulty with gross motor skills, such as running or jumping?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of the motor cortex and the cerebellum, which are involved in coordinating and controlling muscle movements. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Spinal Galant reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to develop gross motor skills, affecting their social communication skills.

13. Does your child have difficulty with balance or coordination?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of the cerebellum and the basal ganglia, which are involved in coordinating and controlling posture and balance. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Tonic Labyrinthine reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to develop balance or coordination, affecting their social communication skills.

14. Does your child have difficulty with eye contact?
Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of social communication and engagement skills. The affected brain areas include the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system. The persistence of primary reflexes, such as the Moro reflex, may interfere with the child's ability to make eye contact, affecting their social communication skills.

15. Does your child have difficulty with attention or focus? Failing this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the infant's ability to focus, such as the Moro reflex, which can cause the child to become easily distracted and have difficulty concentrating.

16. Does your child have difficulty with organization and planning? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in executive functioning and decision-making. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to plan and organize, such as the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with spatial orientation and planning.

17. Does your child have difficulty with problem-solving? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in executive functioning and decision-making. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to problem-solve, such as the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with hand-eye coordination and spatial awareness.

18. Does your child have difficulty with abstract thinking? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in executive functioning and decision-making. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to think abstractly, such as the Palmar Grasp Reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with fine motor skills and abstract thinking.

19. Does your child have difficulty with understanding cause and effect? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in executive functioning and decision-making. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to understand cause and effect, such as the Spinal Galant Reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with coordination and balance.

20. Does your child have difficulty with understanding social rules? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to understand social rules, such as the Moro reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with social interactions and emotional regulation.

21. Does your child have difficulty with understanding emotions? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the temporal lobe and the limbic system, which are involved in processing auditory information and social and emotional responses. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to understand emotions, such as the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with spatial orientation and emotional regulation.

22. Does your child have difficulty with understanding sarcasm or irony? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the temporal lobe and the limbic system, which are involved in processing auditory information and social and emotional responses. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to understand sarcasm or irony, such as the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with hand-eye coordination and spatial awareness.

23. Does your child have difficulty with understanding nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions or body language? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to understand nonverbal cues, such as the Palmar Grasp Reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with fine motor skills and social interactions.

24. Does your child have difficulty with making friends? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of social communication and engagement skills. The affected brain areas include the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to make friends, such as the Spinal Galant Reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with coordination and balance.

25. Does your child have difficulty with playing with others? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of social communication and engagement skills. The affected brain areas include the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to play with others, such as the Moro reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with social interactions and emotional regulation.

26. Does your child have difficulty with understanding the feelings of others? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the temporal lobe and the limbic system, which are involved in processing auditory information and social and emotional responses. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to understand the feelings of others, such as the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with spatial orientation and emotional regulation.

27. Does your child have difficulty with expressing emotions appropriately? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to express emotions appropriately, such as the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with hand-eye coordination and emotional regulation.

28. Does your child have difficulty with imaginative play? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of social communication and engagement skills. The affected brain areas include the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to engage in imaginative play, such as the Palmar Grasp Reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with fine motor skills and abstract thinking.

29. Does your child have difficulty with transitions or changes in routine? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to adapt to changes, such as the Spinal Galant Reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with coordination and balance.

30. Does your child have difficulty with sensory processing, such as being bothered by certain textures or sounds? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the parietal lobe, which is involved in processing sensory information. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to process sensory information, such as the Moro reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with emotional regulation and sensory processing.

Here is a list of questions 31-45 of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales / ASRS and their descriptions:

31. Does your child have difficulty with transitions or changes in routine? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to adapt to changes in routine, such as the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with spatial orientation and planning.

32. Does your child have difficulty with sensory processing, such as being bothered by certain textures or sounds? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the parietal lobe, which is involved in processing sensory information. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to process sensory information, such as the Moro reflex, which can cause the child to be hypersensitive to sensory stimuli.

33. Does your child have difficulty with fine motor skills, such as writing or using utensils? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the motor cortex and the cerebellum, which are responsible for coordinating and controlling voluntary movements. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to develop fine motor skills, such as the Palmar Grasp Reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills.

34. Does your child have difficulty with gross motor skills, such as running or jumping? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the motor cortex and the cerebellum, which are involved in coordinating and controlling muscle movements. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to develop gross motor skills, such as the Spinal Galant reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with coordination and balance.

35. Does your child have difficulty with balance or coordination? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the cerebellum and the basal ganglia, which are involved in coordinating and controlling posture and balance. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to develop balance and coordination, such as the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with hand-eye coordination and spatial awareness.

36. Does your child have difficulty with eye contact? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of social communication and engagement skills. The affected brain areas include the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to make eye contact, such as the Moro reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with social interactions and emotional regulation.

37. Does your child have difficulty with attention or focus? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to focus, such as the Moro reflex, which can cause the child to become easily distracted and have difficulty concentrating.

38. Does your child have difficulty with organization and planning? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in executive functioning and decision-making. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to plan and organize, such as the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with spatial orientation and planning.

39. Does your child have difficulty with problem-solving? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in executive functioning and decision-making. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to problem-solve, such as the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with hand-eye coordination and spatial awareness.

40. Does your child have difficulty with abstract thinking? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in executive functioning and decision-making. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to think abstractly, such as the Palmar Grasp Reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with fine motor skills and abstract thinking.

41. Does your child have difficulty with understanding cause and effect? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in executive functioning and decision-making. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to understand cause and effect, such as the Spinal Galant Reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with coordination and balance.

42. Does your child have difficulty with understanding social rules? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to understand social rules, such as the Moro reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with social interactions and emotional regulation.

43. Does your child have difficulty with understanding emotions? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the temporal lobe and the limbic system, which are involved in processing auditory information and social and emotional responses. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to understand emotions, such as the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with spatial orientation and emotional regulation.

44. Does your child have difficulty with understanding sarcasm or irony? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the temporal lobe and the limbic system, which are involved in processing auditory information and social and emotional responses. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to understand sarcasm or irony, such as the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), which can cause the child to have difficulty with hand-eye coordination and spatial awareness.

45. Does your child have difficulty with understanding nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions or body language? Impairment in this activity may indicate issues with the development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are involved in controlling and coordinating social and emotional responses and behaviors. The persistence of primary reflexes can interfere with the child's ability to understand nonverbal cues, such as the Palmar Grasp Reflex, which can cause the child to have difficulty with fine motor skills and social interactions.